With the language, most of the text will actually come from the theme itself, so you will need to download the them language files, and possibly some plugins as well.
Have your icons always been missing? It looks like the file names are being changed. For example I can see the icon’s being called fine in the console, such as ‘sp-LogInOut.png’ however it is supposed to have an underscore, not a hyphen, so should appear ‘sp_LogInOut.png’.
There have been problems in the past with a couple of WP plugins messing with the file names somehow.. Might be worth just disabling WP plugins to see if it resolves the problem, just a quick test to rule out the option more than anything.
For the topic ID’s, one way of doing it is to download the ‘Alternate ID Permalink for Topics’ plugin. This will enable you to have numeric topic ID’s. Although this will only apply to topics posted after the plugin has been activated, it will allow you to copy a numeric topic ID from the end of the URL in the topic, and use it in the featured topics and posts plugin.
Hope some of this is helpful!