Well – I always think the best way to learn is by example so let’s start with an easy one. The ‘Watches’ Simple:Press plugin adds a single panel to the profile form so might be good place to start.
Look at the Watches plugin and find the file /library/sp-watches-components.php
The first two functions in this file are (1) for updating the panel – which may not be appropriate in your requirement… and (2) for adding the tab and menu to the panel.
In the file /forms/sp-watches-manage-form.php
You will find the code for the actual panel display. Of course – again – yours may be easier. I know you mentioned shortcodes but I they coild not be used here – at least I do not think so. it would almost certainly need to be template tags/function calls.
If you trace the above functions back you will find the hooks that they are assigned to… These will be defined in the sp-watches-plugin.php file in the root folder of the plugin.